All the facilities that enable the transportation of people and goods from one place to another on a metal road, in vehicles moved by mechanical power, are called railways.

In other words, the railway is not only composed of road elements such as rails and sleepers but also constitutes all facilities that assist the transportation business, such as station facilities, cars, and security and signaling facilities is whole.

For the railway to provide the transportation process with the necessary qualifications, all facilities related to transportation must be adequate and compatible.

The main feature of the railway is the guided movement by a track with the wheel's contact with the rail, and this movement provides a degree of freedom to the railway vehicle.

Granite roads with corrugated tracks, which can be considered the ancestors of the railway, dating back to BC. In 600 BC, it was used to transport ships and cargo using wooden wheeled vehicles during the Ancient Greek period.

The pioneers of today's railways emerged in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Small wagons were used to transport coal in England and carried on planks inside the mine.

The development of the railway was greatly influenced by industrial development, especially the use of steam and the extensive processing of coal and iron mines during the Industrial Revolution.

Railways developed more with the introduction of electric traction at the beginning of the 20th century.

Railroad covers 35% of world trade.
There is 1,370,782 km of railways in the world.

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