Biology is the scientific study of living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical processes, molecular interactions, physiological mechanisms, evolution, and ecological relationships. It encompasses a wide range of fields, such as genetics, molecular biology, cell biology, ecology, zoology, botany, and microbiology. Biology seeks to understand the fundamental principles that govern life, from the smallest single-celled organisms to complex multicellular organisms, as well as the interactions between living organisms and their environment. It has important applications in areas such as medicine, agriculture, biotechnology, and conservation biology.

Cell: The basic unit of life, the smallest unit that can carry out all the functions of living things.

DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, a molecule that carries genetic information and determines the characteristics of an organism.

Evolution: The process by which species of organisms change over time through genetic and environmental factors.

Genetics: The study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation in living organisms.

Ecology: The study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment.

Ecosystem: A community of living organisms interacting with one another and their physical environment.

Photosynthesis: The process by which green plants and some other organisms convert sunlight into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds.

Metabolism: The set of chemical reactions that occur in living organisms to sustain life.

Adaptation: The process by which an organism becomes better suited to its environment.

Homeostasis: The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment in the face of external changes.

Molecular Biology: The study of the chemical and physical properties of biological molecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, and enzymes.

Cell Biology: The study of the structure and function of cells, including their organelles, membrane structure, and cellular processes.

Genetics: The study of genes, inheritance, and genetic variation in living organisms.

Evolutionary Biology: The study of the evolutionary history and mechanisms of change in living organisms over time.

Ecology: The study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment, including the study of ecosystems, populations, and communities.

Physiology: The study of the functioning of living organisms, including the study of the physiological systems, such as the respiratory, nervous, and circulatory systems.

Developmental Biology: The study of how organisms develop from a single cell into a complex multicellular organism.

Microbiology: The study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other unicellular organisms.

Biotechnology: The application of biological knowledge and techniques to develop new products, processes, and technologies.

Conservation Biology: The study of the preservation and management of biodiversity and natural resources to maintain and restore ecosystems and species.